The effects of chitosan were investigated on 80 patients with renal failure undergoing long-term stable haemodialysis treatment. Ingestion of chitosan effectively reduced total serum cholesterol levels and increased serum haemoglobin levels. Also, significant reductions in urea creatinine levels where observed after 4 weeks of chitosan ingestion. The feeling of physical strength, appetite and sleep had improved significantly after 12 weeks of ingestion. No clinically problematic symptoms were observed. The study suggests that chitosan might be an effective treatment for renal failure patients.

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